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Lunar Meteorite
Northwest Africa 7834, 7948, 8306, 10149,
10172, 10203, 10272, 10253, 10258, 10263, 10291, 10317, 10376, 10546, 10599,
10644, 10782, 10810, 10989, 11109, 11185, 11249, 11563, Galb Inal, & [unnamed 93]
(paired stones)
northwestern
Africa, probably Mauritania
 
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NWA 7834
(photo credit: Rachid Chaoui)
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NWA 7948
(photo credit: Rachid Chaoui)
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NWA 8306
(photo credit: Said Haddany)
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A large slice of NWA 8306
(photo credit: Heritage Auctions)
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Sawn slices of NWA 8306
(photo credit: Darryl Pitt)
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Two views of Northwest Africa 10149
(photo credit: Mohamed Aid)
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Another side of NWA 10149
(photo credit: Darryl Pitt)
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The 320-gram stone of Northwest
Africa 10172
(photo credit: Mohammed Hmani)
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Sawn face of the 328-gram stone of
NWA 10172
(photo credit: Mohammed Hmani)
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Four of the NWA 10203 stones
(photo credit: Rob Wesel)
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Sawn faces of the NWA 10203 stones
(photo credit: Rob Wesel)
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Sawn face of another NWA 10203 stone
(photo credit: Edwin Thompson)
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One of the NWA 10253 stones
(photo credit: Heritage Auctions)
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Northwest Africa 10272
(photo credit: Fabien Kuntz)
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Northwest Africa 10291. This one is
more vesicular than the others.
(photo credit: Fabien Kuntz)
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One of the NWA 10253 stones
(photo credit: Darryl Pitt)
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A slice of one of the NWA 10253
stones
(photo credit: Steve Arnold)
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The 2 stones of NWA 10263
(photo credit: Rachid Chaoui)
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Photomicrograph of a thin section of
NWA 10317
(photo credit: Addi
Bischoff)
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Sawn face of Northwest Africa 10376
(photo credit: Philippe
Schmitt-Kopplin)
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A slice of NWA 10546
(photo credit: Pierre-Marie Pelé)
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Sawn faces of Northwest Africa 10599
(photo credit: Carl Agee)
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Two faces of a saw cut through
Northwest Africa 10644. Click on image for enlargement.
(photo credit: Mendy Ouzillou)
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Two sides of a slice of Northwest
Africa 10782. Click on image for enlargement.
(photo credit: Luc Labenne)
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Northwest Africa 11109. Click on image for enlargement.
(photo credit: Weibiao Hsu)
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The four stones of Northwest Africa
11185
(photo credit: Ben Hoefnagels)
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Northwest Africa 11249
(photo credit: Ben Hoefnagels)
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Galb Inal and a slice thereof
(photo credit: unknown)
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Lab samples of NWA 7834
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Lab samples of NWA 7948
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Lab samples of NWA 8306. Click on
image for enlargement.
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Lab sample of NWA 10149
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Lab sample of NWA 10172
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Lab sample of NWA 10203. Click on
image for enlargement. Thanks to Rob Wesel for the sample.
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Lab sample of NWA 10253. Click on
image for enlargement. Thanks to Carl Agee for the sample.
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Two sides of a slice of NWA 10258.
Thanks to Steve Arnold for the sample.
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Another lab sample of NWA 10258.
Thanks to Carl Agee for the sample.
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Two views of chips of NWA 10263
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Lab sample of NWA 10272
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Lab sample of NWA 10291
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Lab sample of NWA 10317. Thanks to
Stephan Decker for the sample.
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Lab sample of NWA 10376. Thanks to
Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin for the sample.
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Two sides of lab sample of Northwest
Africa 10599. Thanks to Frank Carroll for the sample.
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Lab sample of NWA 10546
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Two sides of lab sample of NWA 10644.
Thanks to Mendy Ouzillou for the sample.
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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A different slice of NWA 10782. Click
on image for enlargement. Thanks to Luc Labenne for the sample.
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Two sides of a slice of NWA 10810
Thanks to Anthony Love for the sample.
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Two sides of lab sample of NWA 10989.
Click on image for enlargement. Thanks to Mahesh Anand and Helen Ashcroft
for the sample.
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Lab sample of NWA 11109. Thanks to Weibiao Hsu for the sample.
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Chips of unnamed 93
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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Lab sample of Galb Inal. Thanks to
Albert Jambon for the sample.
(photo credit: Randy Korotev)
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
102
Northwest
Africa 7834
(Northwest Africa)
Purchased: 2013 February
Mass: 905 g
Classification: Lunar meteorite (feldspathic breccia)
History: Purchased jointly by Darryl Pitt and
David Gheesling in February 2013 from a dealer in Zagora, Morocco.
Petrography: (A. Irving and S. Kuehner, UWS) Breccia
consisting of numerous mineral fragments and rare ophitic-textured mare
basalt clasts in a vesicular, glassy matrix. Minerals are anorthite,
olivine, unexsolved pigeonite, subcalcic augite,
exsolved pigeonite, Ti-bearing chromite, Cr-bearing ulvöspinel, ilmenite,
troilite, minor silica polymorph and tiny shred-like grains of kamacite.
Geochemistry: Olivine (Fa32.3, FeO/MnO
= 93; Fa92.9, FeO/MnO = 83), pigeonite (Fs28.8-35.4Wo9.9-5.7;
FeO/MnO = 52-56), subcalcic augite (Fs18.0Wo37.9;
FeO/MnO = 46). Bulk composition (R. Korotev, WUSL): INAA of subsamples
gave mean abundances of FeO 12.9 wt.%, and (in ppm) Sc 25, La 6.4, Sm 3.1,
Eu 0.81, Yb 2.3, Th 0.9.
Classification: Lunar (mingled regolithic
breccia).
Specimens: 20.2 g are at UWB.
The remainder is with the owners.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
102
Northwest
Africa 7948
(Northwest Africa)
Purchased: 2013 April
Mass: 59.8 g
Classification: Lunar meteorite (feldspathic breccia)
History: Purchased by Eric Twelker in April
2013 from a dealer in Zagora, Morocco.
Petrography: (A. Irving and S. Kuehner, UWS) Fresh
specimen composed of angular clasts (some lithic clasts up to 1.2 cm
across, but mostly mineral fragments) in a finer grained, dark matrix.
Minerals present are anorthite, olivine, pigeonite, subcalcic augite,
Ti-chromite, troilite, rare silica polymorph and a shred-like grain of
kamacite. A thin vesicular, glassy shock vein was found.
Geochemistry: Olivine (Fa37.8-61.2;
FeO/MnO = 90-107), pigeonite (Fs27.1-28.1Wo13.3-11.0;
FeO/MnO = 56-58), subcalcic augite (Fs17.1-22.3Wo35.9-29.9;
FeO/MnO = 41-53), ferroan subcalcic augite (Fs44.0Wo39.4;
FeO/MnO = 74), anorthite (An90.4-92.0Or0.3-0.4). Bulk
composition (R. Korotev, WUSL):
INAA of subsamples gave mean abundances of FeO 8.8 wt.%, and (in ppm) Sc
16, La 6.5, Sm 3.1, Eu 0.92, Yb 2.2, Th 1.0.
Classification: Lunar (mingled regolithic
breccia).
Specimens: 12.2 g are at UWB.
The remainder is with Twelker.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
103
Northwest
Africa 8306
(Northwest Africa)
Purchased: 2014 February
Mass: 1389 g
Classification: Lunar meteorite (feldspathic breccia)
History: Puchased
by Darryl Pitt in February 2013 from a Moroccan dealer at the Tucson Gem
and Mineral Show.
Physical characteristics: Single stone (1389 g) lacking fusion
crust and composed of pale gray, pale yellow and white clasts in a very
dark gray matrix.
Petrography: (A. Irving and S. Kuehner, UWS)
Breccia composed of angular clasts in a partly glassy matrix containing
trapped microbubbles. Minerals are olivine, pigeonite, fayalite, anorthite,
silica (as separate clasts), hedenbergite, Ti-poor chromite, Ti-rich
chromite, ilmenite, and minor exsolved pigeonite, baddeleyite, kamacite and
barite. One fine grained, quenched-textured basaltic clast was found.
Geochemistry: Olivine (Fa26.5-36.0;
FeO/MnO = 102-116, N = 3), pigeonite (Fs19.8-24.0Wo19.9-17.0;
FeO/MnO = 47-56; Fs28.8Wo6.5; FeO/MnO = 55), fayalite
(Fa72.6; FeO/MnO = 104). Bulk composition (R. Korotev, WUSL) INAA
of subsamples gave the following mean abundances (in wt.%) FeO 8.9, Na2O
0.41; (in ppm) Sc 17.1, Ni 230, La 7.3, Sm 3.30, Eu 0.93, Yb 2.30, Lu
0.317, Hf 2.4, Th 1.0.
Classification: Lunar (feldspathic regolithic breccia).
Specimens: A 20.2 g specimen with one polished surface is at UWB. The
main mass is held by DPitt.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
104
Northwest
Africa 10149
Northwestern Africa
Purchased: 2015 April
Mass: 1815 g
Lunar meteorite (feldspathic
breccia)
History: Purchased by Darryl Pitt in April
2015 from a dealer in Ouarzazate, Morocco.
Petrography: (A. Irving and S. Kuehner, UWS)
Fragmental breccia composed of mineral clasts of anorthite, olivine,
pigeonite, subcalcic augite, augite, fayalite, silica polymorph, exsolved
pigeonite, Al-Ti-chromite and Ti-rich chromite, along with sparse glass
fragments, in a finer-grained matrix.
Geochemistry: Olivine (Fa35.1; Fa87.0-89.9;
FeO/MnO = 91-93, N = 3), pigeonite (Fs41.0Wo7.3; Fs58.3Wo21.3;
Fs21.8Wo24.8; FeO/MnO =57-67, N = 3), augite (Fs14.5Wo40.2,
FeO/MnO = 45).
Classification: Lunar (feldspathic breccia).
Specimens:
20.1 g included a polished endcut at UWB. The remainder is held by DPitt.
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from
The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 104
Northwest
Africa 10172
Northwestern Africa
Purchased: 2015 April
Mass: 788 g
Lunar meteorite (feldspathic
breccia)
History: Purchased by Ali and Mohammed Hmani in April 2015, reportedly from Mauritania.
Physical characteristics: Several identically appearing
pieces, 320, 328, and 140 g in several smaller pieces. Irregular exterior.
A saw cut reveals a breccia with numerous fragmental feldspathic clasts set
in a dark-gray groundmass.
Petrography: (C. Agee, UNM) This
meteorite is mixture of a fine-grained cataclastic domains, large
fragmental plagioclase and pyroxene crystals, smaller olivine fragments,
symplectites, and shock melt veins. Accessory Fe-metal, silica, ilmenite,
and chromite were observed.
Geochemistry: (C. Agee and N. Muttik, UNM)
olivine Fa36.8±5.3, Fe/Mn=98±5, n=7; pigeonite Fs39.2±12.0Wo13.9±5.1,
Fe/Mn=61±5, n=10; augite Fs35.8±16.2Wo36.0±5.1,
Fe/Mn=66±9, n=4; plagioclase An93.3±3.7Ab6.1±3.4Or0.5±0.5,
n=9; Shock melt (10 µm defocused electron beam, proxy for bulk meteorite
composition): SiO2=45.0±1.5, TiO2=0.34±0.14, Al2O3=24.9±6.0,
Cr2O3=0.17±0.12, MgO=7.8±3.9, FeO=7.7±4.1,
MnO=0.11±0.06, CaO=14.2±2.5, NiO=0.01±0.02, Na2O=0.43±0.14,
K2O=0.10±0.02 (all wt%), Fe/Mn=75±17, Mg#=64±5, MgO+FeO=15.6±7.8 (wt%), n=23.
Classification: Lunar (feldspathic breccia).
Specimens:
20.6 g including a probe mount on deposit at UNM; Ali and Mohammed Hmani
hold the main mass.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
104
Northwest
Africa 10203
Northwestern Africa
Purchased: 2015
Mass: 3300 g
Lunar meteorite
History: Purchased by Aziz Habibi in 2015;
reportedly found in near the border between Mauritania and Mali.
Physical characteristics: Twenty-seven identically appearing
pieces reportedly found together. Irregular exterior, no fusion crust. A
saw cut reveals a polymict breccia with numerous fragmental light and dark
clasts.
Petrography: (C. Agee, UNM) This
polymict breccia has at least four distinct lithologies. 1) unbrecciated
olivine gabbro with zoned clinopyroxene (~75%), acicular, plumose
plagioclase (~15%), olivine (~5%), and minor titanomagnetite; 2) fragmental
anorthositic gabbro breccia with ~75% plagioclase; 3) fragmental gabbroic
breccia with approximately equal proportions of plagioclase, pyroxene and
olivine; 4) shock melt veins and pools, some of which are vesicular.
Accessory FeNi-metal, silica, ilmenite, troilite, chromite, and phosphate
were observed in the fragmental breccias.
Geochemistry: (C. Agee and N. Muttik, UNM)
Olivine gabbro: olivine Fa52.9.8±7.1, Fe/Mn=100±12, n=6;
clinopyroxene Fs31.1±15.8Wo22.1±7.6, Fe/Mn=41±10,
n=7; plagioclase An89.9±3.8Ab8.9±3.4Or1.1±0.8,
n=3; anorthositic gabbro breccia: olivine Fa30.6±3.0,
Fe/Mn=104±7, n=21; clinopyroxene Fs39.4±15.8Wo21.7±10.9,
Fe/Mn=66±11, n=21; plagioclase An96.2±0.8Ab3.5±0.8Or0.2±0.1,
n=6; gabbroic breccia: olivine Fa40.3±2.9, Fe/Mn=98±5, n=6;
clinopyroxene Fs35.4±14.3Wo23.3±10.0, Fe/Mn=63±10,
n=9; plagioclase An93.0±1.6Ab6.6±1.6Or0.4±0.1,
n=4; Shock melt (10 µm defocused electron beam, proxy for bulk meteorite
composition): SiO2=45.1±2.0, TiO2=0.54±0.38, Al2O3=24.3±6.2,
Cr2O3=0.21±0.19, MgO=6.5±2.9, FeO=8.2±3.8,
MnO=0.11±0.05, CaO=14.9±1.9, NiO=0.03±0.07, Na2O=0.49±0.13,
K2O=0.10±0.03 (all wt%), n=40.
Classification: Lunar (polymict breccia).
Specimens:
24 g including a probe mount on deposit at UNM; Aziz Habibi holds the main mass.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
104
Northwest
Africa 10253
Northwestern Africa
Purchased: 2015
Mass: 6674.1 g
Lunar meteorite
History: Purchased by Darryl Pitt from a
Moroccan meteorite dealer, reportedly found in Mauritania near the Algerian
border.
Physical characteristics: Weathered irregular exterior. Saw
cuts reveal a fragmental breccia with numerous feldspathic and mafic clasts
set in a gray groundmass.
Petrography: (C. Agee, UNM) This
meteorite is a very heterogeneous polymict breccia consisting of numerous microgabbro clasts, shock melt pools and veins,
fragmental plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine. Accessory Fe-oxide,
troilite, Ti-chromite, ilmenite, and silica were observed. Thin calcite
weathering veins are present.
Geochemistry: (C. Agee and N. Muttik, UNM)
olivine Fa38.3±2.7, Fe/Mn=102±5, n=14; pigeonite Fs39.9±14.7Wo12.7±5.5,
Fe/Mn=63±9, n=14; augite Fs42.7±14.2Wo27.0±7.9,
Fe/Mn=69±11, n=10; anorthite plagioclase An95.3±1.8Ab4.4±1.7Or0.2±0.1,
n=6; labradorite plagioclase An55.5Ab43.2Or1.3,
n=1; Shock melt (10 µm defocused electron beam, proxy for bulk meteorite
composition): SiO2=46.1±1.6, TiO2=0.63±0.46, Al2O3=23.1±4.8,
Cr2O3=0.16±0.09, MgO=6.8±3.5, FeO=7.1±3.2,
MnO=0.09±0.05, CaO=14.0±2.0, NiO=0.03±0.03, Na2O=0.55±0.21,
K2O=0.12±0.08 (all wt%), Fe/Mn=81±23, Mg#=61±8, MgO+FeO=13.9±6.0 (wt%), n=31.
Classification: Lunar feldspathic breccia
Specimens:
32.5 g including a probe mount on deposit at UNM, DPitt holds the main mass.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
104
Northwest
Africa 10258
Northwestern Africa
Purchased: 2015
Mass: 58 g
Lunar meteorite
History: Purchased by Steve Arnold from
Morocco, 2015.
Physical characteristics: Single stone, dark irregular surface,
no fusion crust. A saw cut reveals numerous light-colored clasts set in a
dark groundmass.
Petrography: (C. Agee, UNM) This
meteorite is mixture of a fine-grained cataclastic domains, fragmental
plagioclase and pyroxene crystals, fragmental anorthosite clasts, and shock
melt veins; some of the veins have ~200 µm-size vesicles. Accessory
troilite, ilmenite, and chromite were observed.
Geochemistry: (C. Agee and N. Muttik, UNM)
olivine Fa37.9±1.3, Fe/Mn=98±7, n=6; pigeonite Fs38.9±13.7Wo11.5±6.0,
Fe/Mn=62±10, n=5; augite Fs22.7Wo40.0, Fe/Mn=57±5,
n=1; plagioclase An96.2±0.5, n=3; Shock melt (20 µm defocused
electron beam, proxy for bulk meteorite composition): SiO2=46.3±1.8,
TiO2=0.44±0.18, Al2O3=26.9±5.3, Cr2O3=0.014±0.10,
MgO=5.6±2.7, FeO=6.4±3.2, MnO=0.08±0.05, CaO=14.4±2.0, NiO=0.03±0.03,
Na2O=0.54±0.24, K2O=0.14±0.07 (all wt%), MgO+FeO=12.1±5.5 (wt%), n=11.
Classification: Lunar (feldspathic breccia)
Specimens:
11.7 g including a probe mount on deposit at UNM, Steve Arnold holds the main mass.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
104
Northwest
Africa 10263
Mauritania
Purchased: 2015 May
Mass: 1015 g
Classification: Lunar meteorite (feldspathic breccia)
History: Two identical stones found together in
Mauritania were purchased by Darryl Pitt in May 2015 from a dealer in
Zagora, Morocco.
Physical characteristics: No fusion crust is evident. The
interior of each stone consists of white to light gray clasts set in a dark
gray matrix.
Petrography: (A. Irving and S. Kuehner, UWS)
Fragmental breccia composed of angular mineral clasts of anorthite,
pigeonite, olivine, orthopyroxene, subcalcic augite, augite, fayalite,
silica polymorph, ilmenite, kamacite, rare zircon and rare taenite in a
finer grained matrix.
Geochemistry: Olivine (Fa32.6-33.8,
FeO/MnO = 87-102, N = 3), orthopyroxene (Fs26.1Wo4.0,
FeO/MnO = 53), pigeonite (Fs27.5-41.8Wo11.2-11.4,
FeO/MnO = 55-59; Fs61.8Wo21.0, FeO/MnO = 68; N = 3),
subcalcic augite (Fs41.5-51.7Wo30.9-32.6, FeO/MnO =
64, N = 2), fayalite (Fa93.6, FeO/MnO = 84), plagioclase (An93.2-94.8Or0.2-0.5,
N = 3). Bulk composition (R. Korotev, WUSL)
INAA of subsamples gave the following mean abundances (in wt.%) FeO 11.6,
Na2O 0.43; (in ppm) Sc 23.4, La 8.7, Sm 4.0, Eu 0.91, Yb 2.7, Lu
0.40, Th 1.3.
Classification: Lunar (feldspathic fragmental
breccia).
Specimens: 20.65 g including one polished endcut at UWB; main mass with DPitt.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
104
Northwest
Africa 10272
(Northwestern Africa)
Purchased: 2015 May
Mass: 74.25 g
Lunar meteorite (feldspathic
breccia)
History: Purchased by Pierre-Marie Pelé and
Fabien Kuntz in May 2015 from a dealer in Agadir, Morocco.
Physical characteristics: No fusion crust is evident. The
interior consists of white to light-gray clasts set in a dark-gray matrix.
Petrography: (A. Irving and S. Kuehner, UWS)
Fragmental breccia composed of angular mineral clasts of calcic plagioclase,
pigeonite, olivine, orthopyroxene, subcalcic augite, augite, fayalite,
silica polymorph, Ti-Cr-rich spinel, Al-Ti-chromite, ilmenite, rare
baddeleyite and rare troilite in a finer grained matrix.
Geochemistry: Olivine (Fa18.5-35.8,
FeO/MnO = 90-109, N = 3), orthopyroxene (Fs44.9Wo1.8,
FeO/MnO = 70), pigeonite (Fs30.3Wo5.7; Fs25.8Wo12.1;
FeO/MnO = 55-54), subcalcic augite (Fs56.5Wo25.1,
FeO/MnO = 65), augite (Fs18.0Wo37.1, FeO/MnO = 56),
fayalite (Fa95.6, FeO/MnO = 96), plagioclase (An88.0-96.9Or0.5-0.2,
N = 3).
Classification: Lunar (feldspathic breccia).
Specimens:
15.15 g including one polished endcut at PSF; main mass is held jointly by Mr. P. Pelé and Kuntz.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
104
Northwest
Africa 10291
(Northwestern Africa)
Purchased: 2015 May
Mass: 10.01 g
Lunar meteorite (feldspathic
breccia)
History: Purchased by Fabien Kuntz in May
2015 from a dealer in Erfoud, Morocco.
Physical characteristics: No fusion crust is present on these
three small very similar stones. The interior of each one consists of
sparse white to beige clasts in a dark gray matrix containing vesicles.
Petrography: (A. Irving and S. Kuehner, UWS) Mineral fragments of
plagioclase, olivine, orthopyroxene, pigeonite (some exsolved), augite,
fayalite, silica polymorph, ilmenite, Ti-chromite and troilite, plus rare
intersertal basalt clasts, are set in a finer grained vesicular matrix.
Geochemistry: Olivine (Fa30.1-33.7,
FeO/MnO = 87-90, N = 3), orthopyroxene (Fs29.2Wo3.6,
FeO/MnO = 59), pigeonite (Fs26.4Wo10.3, FeO/MnO =
61), augite (Fs17.9-52.1Wo38.0-40.0, FeO/MnO = 43-75,
N = 2), clinopyroxene host (Fs26.9Wo35.8, FeO/MnO =
49), low-Ca pyroxene exsolution lamellae (Fs44.0Wo6.5,
FeO/MnO = 63), fayalite (Fa71.0, FeO/MnO = 100), plagioclase (An93.6Or0.1;
An61.5Or2.0).
Classification: Lunar (feldspathic regolithic breccia)
Specimens:
2.52 g including a polished slice at PSF; remainder with Kuntz.
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rom The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 104
Northwest
Africa 10317
Morocco
Purchased: 6 Jul 2015
Mass: 11.0 g
Classification:
Lunar meteorite
History: The single individual of 11.0 g was found Morocco and
purchased in Dakhla, Morocco, July 6, 2015.
Petrography: (A. Bischoff and S. Ebert, IfP) Fine-grained breccia
consisting of small mineral and lithic clasts of anorthositic rocks, impact
melt rocks and breccias, granulitic lithologies, anorthite, olivine,
pyroxenes, and opaques embedded in a fine-grained, well-lithified matrix.
Geochemistry: Mineral compositions and geochemistry: Olivine (Fa34.1±2.3,
range: Fa28.8-36.9; mean Fe/Mn =96, n = 10), low-Ca pyroxene (Fs28.2-69.2Wo3.8-19.5,
mean Fe/Mn = 46.2, n = 5), Ca-pyroxene (Fs16.9-63.2Wo24.8-39.2,
Fe/Mn = 57.4), plagioclase (An96.0±1.5; range: An92.8-97.3;
n = 9)
Classification: Lunar (feldspathic breccia)
Specimens: 2.2 g including one polished thin section at IfP; main
mass with S. Decker (Meteorite-Museum, 55430 Oberwesel,
Germany)
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
104
Northwest
Africa 10376
(Northwestern Africa)
Purchased: 2015
Mass: 20 g
Lunar meteorite
History: The meteorite was purchased from the
meteorite dealer Med Lamine Ahmed.
Physical characteristics: One small grayish individual lacking
any fusion crust was found in the northern Sahara.
Petrography: The meteorite is a polymict breccia
composed of lithic and mineral clasts consolidated in a fine-grained
clastic, partly molten and recrystallized matrix. Lithic clasts are
dominantly basaltic and gabbroic, mineral clasts include up to 200 μm
sized olivine, exsolved pyroxene, and feldspar grains. Accessories are
Ti-chromite, pyrrhotite, ilmenite, and silica. Some calcite weathering
veins are present.
Geochemistry: low-Ca pyroxene: Fs29.3Wo4.8
FeO/MnO=51; Ca-pyroxene: Fs16.3±1.3Wo36.3±2.5 (Fs4.1-18.8Wo31.1-40,
n=11, FeO/MnO=41-65); feldspar: An86.3±11.4Ab13.1±11
(An56-93.6Ab6.3-42.3, n=16).
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
105
Northwest
Africa 10546
(Northwest Africa)
Purchased: 2015 Nov
Mass: 43.35 g
Classification: Lunar meteorite (feldspathic breccia)
History: Purportedly found near the border
between Mauritania and Mali. Purchased by Pierre-Marie Pelé in November
2015 from a dealer in Ouarzazate, Morocco.
Petrography: (A. Irving and S. Kuehner, UWS)
Fragmental breccia composed of mineral clasts of anorthite, olivine,
pigeonite, augite, subcalcic augite, silica polymorph, ilmenite (with
inclusions of baddeleyite), Ti-Al-chromite and rare zircon. Microbubbles
are present in parts of the finer grained matrix along with minor secondary
barite.
Geochemistry: Olivine (Fa23.1-39.3; Fa86.9; FeO/MnO =
83-95; N = 4), pigeonite (Fs21.7Wo13.9; Fs54.2Wo21.9;
FeO/MnO = 52-65; N = 2), augite (Fs13.0Wo37.8,
FeO/MnO = 39), subcalcic augite (Fs32.8Wo31.9,
FeO/MnO = 49), ferroan augite (Fs51.5Wo40.5, FeO/MnO
= 72), plagioclase (An90.3-93.3Or0.4-0.1, N = 2).
Classification: Lunar (feldspathic breccia).
Specimens: A 9.72 g polished endcut piece is at
PSF; remainder with Mr. P. Pelé.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
105
Northwest
Africa 10599
(northwestern Africa)
Purchased: 2015
Mass: 77.8 g
Classification: Lunar meteorite (feldspathic breccia)
History: Purchased from Youssef Ait El Caid, Morocco, 2015.
Physical characteristics: One piece, no fusion crust, irregular
weathered exterior, saw cut reveals prominent white feldspathic clasts set
in a dark-gray groundmass.
Petrography: (C. Agee, UNM) Microprobe examination shows a polymict breccia with
fragmental plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine grains, lithic fragments,
shock melt domains, and small vesicles. Pyroxenes are subcalcic augite and
pigeonite with iron enrichment trends. Most olivine is approximately Fa37
however there were also a few fayalitic olivines (Fa62)
observed. Likewise, anorthite is the predominate plagioclase composition,
but there were also a few bytownite (An85) grains observed.
Geochemistry: (C. Agee and M. Spilde,
UNM). Olivine Fa37.1±2.4,
Fe/Mn=95±8, n=7; pigeonite Fs46.3±9.2Wo6.4±1.7,
Fe/Mn=65±1, n=3; augite Fs36.5±12.2Wo24.6±2.7,
Fe/Mn=59±4, n=3; plagioclase An95.6±1.1, n=4; Shock melt (20
μm defocused electron beam, proxy for bulk meteorite composition): SiO2=44.03±0.87,
TiO2=0.50±0.21, Al2O3=26.95±2.82, Cr2O3=0.14±0.04,
MgO=5.51±1.57, FeO=6.75±1.84, MnO=0.09±0.03, CaO=15.36±1.12, NiO=0.03±0.02, Na2O=0.54±0.08, K2O=0.09±0.02
(all wt%), FeO/MnO=80±16, n=10.
Classification: Achondrite (lunar feldspathic breccia)
Specimens: A
total of 16 g including a probe mount on deposit at UNM. Frank Carroll holds the main mass.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
105
Northwest
Africa 10644
(Northwest Africa)
Purchased: 2016
Mass: 166 g
Lunar meteorite (feldspathic breccia)
History: Purchased by Dustin Dickens,
February 2016, from a Moroccan dealer and sold to Mendy Ouzillou.
Physical characteristics: Single stone, irregular exterior, no
fusion crust. A saw cut reveals light-gray feldspathic clasts (up to 1 cm)
and some smaller, fragmental, white plagioclase grains set in a dark-gray
groundmass.
Petrography: (C. Agee, UNM) This is a feldspathic breccia showing several different
textural domains: 1) poikilitic plagioclase with olivine and pyroxene
inclusions, 2) zones of fragmental plagioclase, olivine, and pyroxene, 3)
cataclastic zones of fine-grained (~20 μm) silicates, 4) vesicular
shock melt veins and pockets. Pigeonite and augite show significant
igneous, iron-enrichment trends.
Geochemistry: (C. Agee and S. Spilde,
UNM) Olivine Fa37.9±1.6,
Fe/Mn=98±6, n=13; pigeonite Fs39.3±13.9Wo17.0±4.1,
Fe/Mn=66±9, n=11; augite Fs32.0±22.7Wo37.4±1.1,
Fe/Mn=60±20, n=2; plagioclase An97.6±0.5, n=5; Shock melt (20
μm defocused electron beam, proxy for bulk meteorite composition): SiO2=44.7±0.1,
TiO2=0.5±0.1, Al2O3=29.2±2.5, Cr2O3=0.09±0.05,
MgO=4.0±1.4, FeO=5.3±1.7, MnO=0.06±0.02, CaO=16.4±1.0, NiO=0.03±0.02,
Na2O=0.48±0.01, K2O=0.10±0.01 (all wt%), n=5.
Classification: Lunar (feldspathic breccia).
Specimens: 20.73 g including a probe mount on deposit at UNM; Mendy Ouzillou
holds the main mass.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 105
Northwest Africa 10782
(Northwestern Africa)
Purchased: 2015 May 01
Mass: 39.0 g
Lunar (regolith breccia)
History: Found in the region of Almabas near the frontier between Morocco and Algeria.
Physical characteristics: One stone with no visible fusion
crust. Recognized as a lunar breccia by L. Labenne.
Petrography: (R. Hewins, S. Pont, B. Zanda, MNHNP)
This is a breccia composed mainly of crystal clasts a few hundred μm
in size, with a few glassy to dendrite-bearing spherules about 1 mm in
size. Matrix is very fine-grained, in some cases glass with schlieren, with
vugs or vesicles. There are a few breccia clasts up to 4 mm, very fine
grained (1-2 μm) and in some cases with igneous textures (i.e.
clast-laden melt rock clasts). Breccia clasts contain feldspathic igneous
clasts with intersertal textures resembling Apollo 14310 but finer, as well
as crystal clasts and rare lithic chips. Some pyroxene clasts show
exsolution. Accessory minerals include troilite, ilmenite, a silica phase
and, in the largest melt-rock, Ni-bearing metal.
Geochemistry: Mineral compositions and
Geochemistry: (R. Hewins ans S. Pont, MNHNP) The pyroxene compositions are
Fs36.7Wo7.6 to Fs55.3Wo19.6,
and the atomic Fe/Mn falls just below the UNM lunar line with average ratio 71. Both magnesian and
ferroan olivine clasts are present, with FeO/MnO of 103 falling just below
the lunar value. Spinel contains ~40 wt% Cr2O3.
Plagioclase is An93.6Ab6.2Or0.2. The
glassy matrix is basaltic (sensu lato).
Classification: (R. Hewins MNHN) Lunar breccia. The meteorite contains anorthite with
olivine and pyroxene Fe/Mn ratios matching lunar. As it contains Ni-rich
metal, glass spherules and breccia clasts it is classified as a regolith
breccia.
Specimens: The main mass (31 g) is held by Labenne. The type specimen consists
of 0.977 g and 6.88 g at MNHNP.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
105
Northwest
Africa 10810
Mauritania
Purchased: 2015
Mass: 402.4 g
Classification: Lunar meteorite (feldspathic breccia)
History: Two stones weighing 126.2 and 276.2
g were found in Mauritania and subsequently purchased in Rissani in 2015. J. Donald Cline and John Sinclair
acquired the samples from a meteorite prospector at the Tucson Gem and
Mineral Show in February 2016.
Physical characteristics: Sample has an irregular-ovoid shape and lacks fusion crust.
The exterior surface is weathered and light orangish-gray in color. One
half of the stone shows an obvious brecciated texture composed of dominant
light-colored clasts in a dark matrix. The other half appears to have been
buried and contains an orangish layer of caliche. One edge has a window cut
into the stone showing a mixture of rounded dark and light-colored lithic
and mineral clasts in a dark brown matrix. One slice contains an FeNi
grain.
Petrography: Description and classification (A.
Love, App): Sample is a polymict
breccia composed of 5 mm sub-rounded to angular lithic clasts and mineral
clasts set within a micro-vesicular black glassy matrix. Up to 5 mm
subrounded to subangular clasts of olivine gabbro with exsolved pyroxenes,
troctolite, subophitic olivine basalt and exsolved pyroxenes, granulitic
anorthosite and poikolitic crystalline impact
melt breccia are the dominant lithic fragments represented in the sample.
Additionally, the sample contains mineral grains, and symplectites composed
of fayalite, Si-rich grains and Ca-pyroxene in addition to glassy spherules
and flow-banded agglutinates. Accessory minerals ilmenite, ferroan
chromite, fayalite and a silica polymorph.
Geochemistry: (A. Love, App):
Olivine (Fa23.1-45.3; FeO/MnO=95.8-114.7, N=20), pigeonite (Fs25.8-30.1Wo16.3-7.3
N=14; Fs46.4-57.2Wo20.0-7.8; FeO/MnO=54.4-73.5, N=4);
augite (Fs16.5-21.5Wo23.8-38.5; FeO/MnO=47.2-52.0,
N=9); fayalite (Fa90.7-97.6; FeO/MnO=93.3-96.8, N=6);
plagioclase An95.0±2.7Or0.2±0.2, N=13). Bulk
Composition: (R. Korotev, WUSL):
INAA of 100 mg gave (in wt%) Na2O 0.4, FeO 10.9; (in ppm) Sc
19.7, Cr 17.8, Co 42.1, Ni 220, La 7.3, Sm 3.3, Eu 0.91, Yb 2.3, Lu 0.3, Hf
2.5, Th 1.1.
Classification: Lunar (mingled regolith breccia)
Specimens: PARI holds the main
masses (276.2 and 89.07 g). A slice and an end cut weighing 20.82 g and one
polished thin section are on deposit at App.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
105
Northwest
Africa 10989
(Northwest Africa)
Purchased: 2015
Mass: 14.4 g
Classification: Lunar meteorite
History: This stone was one of a group found
in northwest Africa, near to the Morocco/Algeria border; exact date and
weights of other stones is unknown. Purchased in 2015 from a Moroccan
Dealer in Morocco.
Physical characteristics: The total mass of the single stone was 14.4 g, and is dark
brown in color with a dark brown/black fusion crust.
Petrography: H. Ashcroft, M. Anand, OU. A
fragmental breccia containing a variety of mineral (up to 1 mm) and lithic
(up to 1 × 3 mm) fragments in a dark matrix composed of finer-grained
crystals and a dark, vesicular glass. Both basaltic and feldspathic
fragments are present in roughly equal proportions. The breccia has a
seriate fabric and the proportion of glass and crystals in the matrix
varies throughout the sample. Some crystals exhibit evidence for shock and alteration
(offset pyroxene lamellae, recrystallized and maskelynitised
plagioclase). Minor secondary calcite veins and barite are seen throughout
the sample. Minerals are Olivine (forsteritic and fayalitic), Pyroxene
(Orthopyroxene, Pigeonite, Augite), Anorthite and trace amounts of
ilmenite, chromite, kamacite, schreibersite, apatite, merrilite,
silica.
Geochemistry: Feldspar crystals are anorthitic and vary between An80-90,
with an average of An94 (N = 184). Some feldspars are
recrystallized, and others have been maskelynitised.
A continuum of pyroxene compositions (pigeonite to augite) are observed
with a range in Fs15-64, and Wo5-43. Four main
clusters in olivine composition are observed with Fa37, Fa51
and Fa70. Some Fayalite (Fa90) is also observed. One
mafic clast contains orthopyroxene (Wo3En75Fs22),
Olivine, (Fa75) and anorthite (An95). One
hedenbergite-fayalite-silica symplectite is observed. The oxygen isotopes
(R. Greenwood and I. Franchi, OU)
are consistent with a lunar origin with δ17O 3.42 ‰, δ18O
6.51 ‰, Δ17O 0.03 ‰. Average FeO/MnO for Olivine is 105,
and Pyroxene is 66.
Classification: Lunar (mixed fragmental breccia)
Specimens: Main mass resides with G. Ensor. The type specimen (3.4 g) is
deposited in the OU meteorite
collection.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
106
Northwest
Africa 11109
Morocco
Find: 2016
Mass: 77 g (10 pieces)
Classification: Lunar meteorite
History: Purchased by Ke
Zuokai in Dec. 2016 from a Moroccan dealer.
Physical characteristics: The meteorite has a black fusion
crust and is partially covered with weathering product.
Petrography: (Li Y., PMO) Mineral fragments with minor lithic clasts (0.1 to 1.5 mm)
set in a poorly recrystallized anorthositic matrix. Vesicular shock melt
veins and pockets are present.The lithic clasts
include rocks of anorthositic, gabbroic and noritic composition. Mineral
fragments consists of pyroxene, olivine, plagioclase grains, and minor
quartz grains. Other accessory minerals include chromite, ilmenite and
troilite.
Geochemistry: Plagioclase An90.5-97.0Ab2.8-9.1Or0.4;
pigeonite Fs23.1-57.0Wo4.9-21.2, Fe/Mn=46.6-74.6;
augite Fs13.6-55.1Wo27.0-43.7, Fe/Mn=43.3-85.4;
olivine Fa31.1-45.7, Fe/Mn=81.1-108.4.
Classification: Lunar, breccia
Specimens: 16 g is on deposit at PMO, Ke Zuokai
holds the main mass.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
106
Northwest
Africa 11185
(Northwest Africa)
Purchased: 2016 June
Mass: 94.02 g
Classification: Lunar meteorite (feldspathic breccia)
History: Purchased by Ben Hoefnagels in June
2016 from a dealer in Taliouine, Morocco.
Physical characteristics: Four stones (total weight 94.02 g) of very similar appearance
purchased together from the same dealer exhibit the same types of white
clasts in a dark-gray matrix.
Petrography: (A. Irving and S. Kuehner, UWS) Breccia composed of angular
mineral grains of anorthite, olivine, pigeonite, exsolved pigeonite,
subcalcic augite, augite, Ti-Al-chromite, ilmenite and fayalite in a finer
grained matrix containing low-Ni kamacite, taenite, troilite, baddeleyite
and Mg-ilmenite. A quench-textured melt rock clast was also observed.
Geochemistry: Olivine (Fa34.1, FeO/MnO = 107; Fa91.2,
FeO/MnO = 82; N = 2), pigeonite (Fs22.4-28.6Wo15.0-8.1,
FeO/MnO = 64-68, N = 2), subcalcic augite (Fs20.7Wo30.7,
FeO/MnO = 58), augite (Fs50.2Wo37.5, FeO/MnO = 65),
plagioclase (An93.5Or0.4; An85.5Or1.2;
N = 2). Bulk composition (R. Korotev, WUSL):
INAA of subsamples of two stones gave INAA of subsamples gave the following
mean abundances (in wt.%) FeO 10.0, Na2O 0.43; (in ppm) Sc 18.9,
Ni 300, La 8.3, Sm 3.86, Eu 0.98, Yb 2.64, Lu 0.37, Hf 2.8, Th 1.2.
Classification: Lunar (feldspathic breccia)
Specimens: 19.1 g including a 10.3 g polished endcut from one stone at UWB; remainder with Mr. B.
Hoefnagels.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
106
Northwest
Africa 11249
(Northwestern Africa)
Purchased: 2017 January
Mass: 73.6 g
Lunar meteorite (feldspathic
breccia)
History: Purchased by Ben Hoefnagels in
January 2017 from a dealer in Zagora, Morocco.
Physical characteristics: A single stone (73.6 g) with a
brownish weathered exterior and a fresh, mostly very dark gray interior with
some whitish clasts.
Petrography: (A. Irving and S. Kuehner, UWS) Breccia composed of angular
mineral fragments and sparse, fragmented glass spheres in a finer grained
matrix containing some vesicles. Minerals are anorthite, olivine,
pigeonite, ferropigeonite, fayalite, kamacite, Al-Cr-Fe-Mg spinel, zircon
and minor barite. The specimen is crosscut by some glass-rich shock veins.
Geochemistry: Olivine (Fa15.5-50.5, FeO/MnO = 75-91, N = 4), pigeonite
(Fs25.5-35.2Wo10.6-18.8, FeO/MnO = 58-69, N = 4),
ferropigeonite (Fs63.2Wo24.4, FeO/MnO = 72),
anorthite (An93.9-96.6Or0.3, N = 2).
Classification: Lunar (feldspathic regolith
breccia).
Specimens:
15.1 g including a polished endcut and one polished mount at UWB; remainder with Mr. B. Hoefnagels.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
107
Northwest
Africa 11563
(Northwestern Africa)
Purchased: 2016 June
Mass: 54.5 g
Lunar meteorite (feldspathic
breccia)
History: Purchased by Ben Hoefnagels in June
2016 from a Moroccan dealer.
Petrography: (A. Irving and S. Kuehner, UWS) Breccia composed of mineral
clasts of anorthite, labradorite, olivine, orthopyroxene, pigeonite,
subcalcic augite, exsolved pigeonite, ilmenite, fayalite and silica
polymorph in a finer grained, partly vesicular matrix containing minor
troilite and kamacite.
Geochemistry: Olivine (Fa23.0-37.4, FeO/MnO = 94, N = 2), orthopyroxene
(Fs29.5Wo4.5, FeO/MnO = 45), pigeonite (Fs29.6Wo7.4,
FeO/MnO = 83), subcalcic augite (Fs22.7Wo25.1; Fs34.2Wo32.4,
FeO/MnO = 71-77, N = 2), anorthite (An95.0Or0.2),
labradorite (An50.9-54.1Or3.6-1.0, N = 2).
Classification: Lunar (feldspathic regolith
breccia).
Specimens:
11.8 g in the form of a polished endcut at UWB; remainder of the stone with Mr. B. Hoefnagels.
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from The Meteoritical Bulletin, No.
105
Galb
Inal
Inchiri, Mauritania
Find: January 2011
Mass: 4050 g
Classification: Lunar meteorite (feldspathic breccia)
History: (H. Chennaoui
Aoudjehane, A. Jambon) Found in 2011 by nomads,
in a sandy area close to the village of Inal, Mauritania, south of Tichla. The stone was found north of the railway and
south of the frontier. The stone was
given the provisional name "Northwest Africa 7173" in Jan 2012,
prior to documentation of the find location.
Physical characteristics: A 4 kg crust-free and minimally weathered stone, broken in two
pieces. The black lustered stone has up to centimeter-sized white lithic
clasts. The surface is sand blasted. Magnetic susceptibility (UPVI): log
χ (× 10-9 m3/kg)= 3.93.
Petrography: (A. Jambon, O. Boudouma,
UPVI) Feldspathic breccia with a
significant melt matrix containing petrographically diverse areas. Lithic
(ferro anorthosite, troctolite, spinel troctolite, norite;
hedenbergite-fayalite-silica; rare clasts of silica associated with
K-feldspar) and mineral fragments, shocked clasts, impact melt pockets,
devitrified glassy clasts and glass beads. Contains ilmenite, ulvöspinel,
chromite, ilmenite, rutile, (F-Cl) apatite. Rare small grains of troilite,
kamacite and schreibersite.
Geochemistry: (A. Jambon, UPVI and
R. Korotev, WUSL) Orthocumulate
olivine Fa19 (FeO/MnO = 90), plagioclase An94,
subcalcic augite Fs22Wo30, Pigeonite Fs27-33Wo5-15
and Fs35-4Wo12-19, Ca-pyroxene core, Fs16Wo31
and rim, Fs41Wo14. Bulk composition: XRF (UPVI) INAA
(WUSL). INAA : Na2O = 0.45 wt %; Sc =
21 ppm; Cr = 1400 ppm; FeO = 9.5 wt %; Ni = 200
ppm; Sm = 3.5 ppm, Eu = 0.95 and Ba = 250 ppm. XRF wt %: SiO2 = 45.7; Al2O3
= 21.6; Cr2O3 = 0.2; TiO2 = 0.48; FeO =
9.6; MgO = 4.1; CaO = 17.4; K2O = 0.41. Oxygen isotopes (R. Greenwood, OU) :
δ17O‰= 3.238, δ18O‰= 6.198, Δ17O‰=
0.015.
Classification: Lunar regolith breccia. Despite a
chemical kinship with NWA 2995
the physical aspect and texture do not favor pairing of these two finds.
Specimens: A 21.5 g type specimen is on deposit at UPVI. Anonymous finder holds the main mass.
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Randy Says…
By number (N=24) and mass (21.2 kg) this is one of the largest pair
groups.
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More Information
Meteoritical
Bulletin Database
NWA 7834 | 7948 | 8306 | 10149 | 10172 | 10203 | 10253 | 10258 | 10263 | 10272 | 10291 | 10317 | 10376 | 10509 | 10546 | 10644 | 10782 | 10810 | 10989 | 11109 | 11185 | 11249 | Galb Inal
References
Anand M. and Stephant
A. 2018. Probing
the volatile reservoirs in the Moon using lunar meteorites. European Planetary
Science Congress 2018, abstract: id.EPSC2018-530
Ashcroft H. O., Anand M., Korotev R.
L., Greenwood R. C., Franchi I. A., and Strekopytov
S. (2017) NWA 10989 – A new lunar meteorite with equal proportions of
feldspathic and VLT material. Lunar
and Planetary Science XLVIII, abstract no. 1481.
Boyle S., Gross J., and Prissel T. C. (2018) Understanding the magnesium-suite lithology and lunar
highlands terrain through a detailed investigation of lunar meteorites
Northwest Africa (NWA) 10291 and 11182. 49th Lunar and Planetary
Science Conference, abstract no. 2346.
Korotev R. L. and Irving A. J. (2014) Keeping up with the lunar meteorites - 2014. 45th Lunar and
Planetary Science Conference, abstract no. 1405.
Korotev R. L. and Irving A. J. (2014) Lunar meteorites from northern Africa. 77th Annual
Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, abstract no. 5063.
Korotev R. L. and Irving A. J. (2015) Keeping up with the lunar meteorites - 2015. 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference,
abstract no. 1942.
Korotev R.
L. and Irving A. J. (2016) Not quite keeping up with the lunar meteorites –
2016. 47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference,
abstract no. 1358.
Korotev R. L. and Irving A. J. (2017) Still not keeping
up with the lunar meteorites – 2017. Lunar and Planetary Science XLVIII, abstract no. 1498.
Morland Z.
S., Joy K. H. , Gholinia A., and Degli Alessandrini G. (2019) Metal in lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 10989: Insight
into survivability of impactor material delivered to the Moon. 50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract no. 1275.
Stephant A., Anand M., Ashcroft H. O., Zhao
X., Hu S., Korotev R. L., Strekopytov S.,
Greenwood R. C., Humphreys-Williams E., Liu Y., Tang G., Li Q., and Franchi
I. A. (2019). An
ancient reservoir of volatiles in the Moon sampled by lunar meteorite
Northwest Africa 10989. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 266, 163-183.
Zeng X., Joy K. H., Li S., Pernet-Fisher
J., Li X., Martin D. J. P., Li Y. and Wang S. (2018) Multiple lithic
clasts in lunar breccia Northwest Africa 7948 and implication for the
lithologic components of lunar crust. Meteoritics and Planetary Science 53, 1030‒1050.
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